The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has remained popular in Child Psychiatry clinics for the last 25-30 years. In the historical process, different names such as minimal brain dysfunction, hyperkinesia, hyperkinetic syndrome and hyperactive attention deficit syndrome have been discussed, and in the last classification system it has been defined as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is a fact that there are significant differences between the definition of ADHD and the definitions listed above. Today, the diagnostic approach limits have been expanded by describing ADHD subtypes.
ADHD is one of the most important psychiatric problems of childhood. It is an education and training problem in a broad sense, with aspects that concern the family, school and society. The fact that the results obtained from the treatment are satisfactory in the early diagnosis of the problem shows the fact that hyperactivity is among the subjects that must be known by those working in the field of health and education.
Contents
EXTREME MOBILITY (HYPERACTIVITY)
LACK OF ATTENTION
Impulsivity
AGE, GENDER DIFFERENCE AND FREQUENCY
OTHER PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS ACCOMPANYING ADHD
HYPERACTIVITY IN OUR COUNTRY
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,
hyperactivity,
attention deficit and
It consists of three basic symptom clusters that can be classified as impulsivity.
EXTREME MOBILITY (HYPERACTIVITY)
In fact, every child is expected to be active. The child runs, falls and plays loudly. All of these can come naturally. However, in ADHD, the child’s mobility is excessive and the difference is immediately apparent when compared to their peers. Often these children are in constant motion, as if they are being driven by a motor. They have an endless energy. They climb high, walk on couches, run around the house and don’t understand the word stop. They can’t manage to play calmly, they can’t sit quietly for a while. When they have to sit, their hands and feet are fidgety. He talks a lot, they often get into words when two people are talking. They cannot sit at the desk, so they cannot study in suitable places.
LACK OF ATTENTION
The attention deficit in the child becomes especially evident with the beginning of the education life. These children, who get bored and tired of everything in the pre-school period, even get bored with toys and prefer to tear them apart after a short time. With the onset of school, they are uninterested in learning. They do not like to do homework, they do homework with the force of parents and teachers. They have a hard time doing their homework. They cannot sit at the table, even if they do, they often get up from the table by making up various excuses (such as going to the toilet, drinking water). They always want their parents with them while studying. They have difficulty in completing a task they have undertaken, and they immediately move on to another task without completing it. When they are spoken to, they appear as if they are not listening to the speaker. They execute a command after saying it several times.
It is observed that they do not follow the lesson in the classroom. They are immediately distracted by external warnings. They are very interested in extracurricular work, they deal with materials such as pencils, notebooks and toys, and they cannot follow the lesson. They may exhibit behaviors that will disrupt the attention and peace of the class because they are bored in the lesson. (such as speaking in class, cursing at your friends and taking out strange soldiers).
Their reading and writing quality may be worse than their peers, and their notebook layout and writing may be distorted. While reading, they can make frequent mistakes and can be found at the end of the sentence. They are forgetful. In addition to losing items frequently in the classroom, they can quickly forget information that you think they learned well. They cannot develop a working order and system suitable for them. They generally dislike reading and writing. Besides reading textbooks, they are also reluctant to read story and novel type books.
Careless mistakes in exams are added to all these learning difficulties. Due to their impatience, reading questions quickly, incomplete reading and misreading are common. For this reason, they can answer even a question they know very well incorrectly. They easily fall for distractors on test exams. Especially in the years when they start primary school, they consider it a skill to give the exam paper first. In the end, they take notes of information and less than they know.
Attention deficit may not be noticed much in the preschool period. However, some of these children show signs of getting bored quickly in extracurricular work. Children with a good level of intelligence and who do not have special learning difficulties may not have problems in lessons until the 3rd and 4th grades of primary school. Even if they do not study and follow the lesson well, their grades may not be bad. As the classes get heavier, serious decreases in success begin to occur.
They do not want to take responsibility for the daily work they have to do at home. They are often messy and dislike rules.